EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -The vertical columns on the periodic table are called groups or families because of their similar chemical behavior. All the members of a family of elements have the same number of valence electrons and similar chemical properties. The horizontal rows on the periodic table are called periods.

Detailed explanation-2: -Answer and Explanation: The elements in the same column of the periodic table are all part of the same chemical family or group. Each member of the chemical family has the same number of valence electrons. Valence electrons are those electrons located in the outer orbital.

Detailed explanation-3: -The columns of the periodic table are called groups. Members of the same group in the table have the same number of electrons in the outermost shells of their atoms and form bonds of the same type. The horizontal rows are called periods.

Detailed explanation-4: -The vertical columns (groups) of the periodic table are arranged such that all its elements have the same number of valence electrons. All elements within a certain group thus share similar properties.

Detailed explanation-5: -Answer and Explanation: The elements that have the most similar chemical properties are those in the same group, or column of the periodic table. Elements are placed in order of atomic number and end up in vertical groups that have the same number of valence electrons and therefore similar chemical properties.