EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Hunds Rule of Maximum Multiplicity rule states that for a given electron configuration, the term with maximum multiplicity falls lowest in energy. According to this rule electron pairing in p, d and f orbitals cannot occur until each orbital of a given subshell contains one electron each or is singly occupied.

Detailed explanation-2: -Hund’s first rule now states that the ground state term is 3P (triplet P), which has S = 1. The superscript 3 is the value of the multiplicity = 2S + 1 = 3. The diagram shows the state of this term with ML = 1 and MS = 1.

Detailed explanation-3: -The ground state is achieved when all of the electrons in an atom are in the lowest possible energy levels. Of the four energy levels shown, the energy level with the lowest energy is energy level K. The energy levels increase in energy the farther they are from the nucleus.

Detailed explanation-4: -The Aufbau Principle (also called the building-up principle or the Aufbau rule) allows us to reliably predict the ground state electron configuration of atoms and ions.

Detailed explanation-5: -In simple terms, Hund’s rule requires single occupancy before pairing. Pauli Exclusion Principle. No two electrons in a atom can have an identical set of four quantum numbers. This means an orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons, and then the electrons must have opposite spins, +1/2 and-1/2.