EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Fumigants. The theoretical options for sporicidal fumigants are formaldehyde, ethylene oxide, methyl bromide, hydrogen peroxide vapour and chlorine dioxide.

Detailed explanation-2: -Soil fumigants are pesticides that, when applied to soil, form a gas to control pests that live in the soil and can disrupt plant growth and crop production.

Detailed explanation-3: -Fumigation under these conditions kills 99.8% of microorganisms on the shell surface and is not associated with increased embryonic mortality. Fumigation should not be performed during the first 9 days of incubation.

Detailed explanation-4: -Halogens, including chlorine, fluorine, and iodine, are also commonly used for disinfection. Chlorine compounds, including sodium hypochlorite, chloramines, and chlorine dioxide, are commonly used for water disinfection. Iodine, in both tincture and iodophor forms, is an effective antiseptic.