EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -These adaptations include large blood volumes, large capacitance structures (spleens and venous sinsuses), venous sphincter muscles, vascular adaptations for thermoregulation, aortic windkessels, and vascular retia. The heart, arterial and venous systems, and blood volume will be discussed first.

Detailed explanation-2: -The cardiovascular adaptations supporting this include an increase in total body water, plasma volume expansion, better sustainment and/or elevation of stroke volume, reduction in heart rate, improvement in ventricular filling and myocardial efficiency, and enhanced skin blood flow and sweating responses.

Detailed explanation-3: -The circulatory system is effectively a network of cylindrical vessels: the arteries, veins, and capillaries that emanate from a pump, the heart. In all vertebrate organisms, as well as some invertebrates, this is a closed-loop system, in which the blood is not free in a cavity.

Detailed explanation-4: -increase in maximal endurance capacity = increase in maximal oxygen consumption (V02 max) increase in submaximal endurance capacity. lower heart rate (HR) at the same submaximal exercise intensity. this is more related to competitive endurance performance.