EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -A vaccine is a biological preparation containing weakened or dead microbes which is introduced into a healthy person’s body to produce antibodies against the disease-causing microbes. Vaccines can be injected or administered orally.

Detailed explanation-2: -Vaccines are made from microbes that are dead or inactive so that they are unable to cause disease. The antigen in the vaccine is the same as the antigen on the surface of the disease-causing microbe. The vaccine stimulates the body to produce antibodies against the antigen in the vaccine.

Detailed explanation-3: -The introduction of weak and dead microbes into the body is called vaccination.

Detailed explanation-4: -Invasive bacteria such as Salmonella, Listeria, Yersinia, Shigella, and Mycobacterium bovis BCG have been used as vaccine vectors, capable of mounting potent humoral and cellular immune responses.

Detailed explanation-5: -Vaccines contain either a dead or a weakened germ (or parts of it) that causes a particular disease. When someone gets a vaccine, their immune system acts as if there’s a real infection. It makes antibodies that recognize parts of that germ.