EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -In (b) open circulatory systems, a fluid called hemolymph is pumped through a blood vessel that empties into the body cavity. Hemolymph returns to the blood vessel through openings called ostia.

Detailed explanation-2: -The circulatory fluid in open systems is strictly hemolymph, but the term “blood” is commonly used to denote the transporting medium in both open and closed systems.

Detailed explanation-3: -In closed circulatory system, blood is the circulatory fluid and is contained within the blood vessels.

Detailed explanation-4: -There are three major fluid compartments; intravascular, interstitial, and intracellular.

Detailed explanation-5: -Blood consists of a protein-rich fluid known as plasma, in which are suspended cellular elements: white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. The normal total circulating blood volume is about 8% of the body weight (5600 mL in a 70-kg man). About 55% of this volume is plasma.