EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Climate change is dramatically affecting our hydrosphere, mainly our oceans. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Ocean and Cryosphere (frozen water) cited these changes in our oceans: acidification, increases in water temperature, sea-level rise, loss of oxygen and sea ice retreat.

Detailed explanation-2: -The frozen part of Earth’s hydrosphere is made of ice: glaciers, ice caps and icebergs. The frozen part of the hydrosphere has its own name, the cryosphere.

Detailed explanation-3: -Melting glaciers add to rising sea levels, which in turn increases coastal erosion and elevates storm surge as warming air and ocean temperatures create more frequent and intense coastal storms like hurricanes and typhoons.

Detailed explanation-4: -over the past half-century, Earth’s entire surface or the lithosphere has warmed up significantly and is gaining energy at approximately the same rate as the atmosphere and cryosphere (the portion of Earth’s surface where water is in solid form such as sea ice, snow cover, glaciers, ice caps and permafrost).