EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Conventional oil is extracted from underground reservoirs using traditional drilling and pumping methods. Conventional oil is a liquid at atmospheric temperature and pressure, so it can flow through a wellbore and a pipeline – unlike bitumen (oil sands oil) which is too thick to flow without being heated or diluted.

Detailed explanation-2: -On land, oil can be drilled with an apparatus called an oil rig or drilling rig. Offshore, oil is drilled from an oil platform. Most modern wells use an air rotary drilling rig, which can operate 24 hours a day.

Detailed explanation-3: -Oil is extracted by three general methods: rendering, used with animal products and oleaginous fruits; mechanical pressing, for oil-bearing seeds and nuts; and extracting with volatile solvents, employed in large-scale operations for a more complete extraction than is possible with pressing.

Detailed explanation-4: -Oil and gas are formed from organic material mainly deposited as sediments on the seabed and then broken down and transformed over millions of years. If there is a suitable combination of source rock, reservoir rock, cap rock and a trap in an area, recoverable oil and gas deposits may be discovered there.

Detailed explanation-5: -There are three common approaches: thermal recovery, gas injection or chemical flooding. Thermal recovery entails injecting steam into the formation. The heat from the steam makes the oil flow more easily, and the increased pressure forces it to the surface. Gas injection uses either miscible or immiscible gases.