EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Copernican heliocentrism is the astronomical model developed by Nicolaus Copernicus and published in 1543. This model positioned the Sun at the center of the Universe, motionless, with Earth and the other planets orbiting around it in circular paths, modified by epicycles, and at uniform speeds.

Detailed explanation-2: -A heliocentric system is one in which the planets revolve around a fixed sun. Thus Mercury, Venus, the Earth, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn all revolve around the sun. The moon is the only celestial sphere in this system which revolves around the earth, and, together with it, around the sun.

Detailed explanation-3: -In 1543, Nicolaus Copernicus detailed his radical theory of the Universe in which the Earth, along with the other planets, rotated around the Sun. His theory took more than a century to become widely accepted.

Detailed explanation-4: -The heliocentric model accounts for retrograde motion as due to the simultaneous motions of the Earth and an outer planet such as Mars. The Earth moves faster in its orbit, and in essence catches up with the slower-moving Mars, as shown in this demonstration.

Detailed explanation-5: -heliocentrism, a cosmological model in which the Sun is assumed to lie at or near a central point (e.g., of the solar system or of the universe) while the Earth and other bodies revolve around it.