EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Since the Industrial Revolution, human activities have released large amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which has changed the earth’s climate. Natural processes, such as changes in the sun’s energy and volcanic eruptions, also affect the earth’s climate.

Detailed explanation-2: -Plate tectonics shift the continents, raise mountains and move the ocean floor while processes not fully understood alter the climate. Such constant change has characterized Earth since its beginning some 4.5 billion years ago. From the outset, heat and gravity shaped the evolution of the planet.

Detailed explanation-3: -Precession, commonly called the “wobble” of Earth’s axis, affects the positions in Earth’s orbit at which the Northern and Southern Hemispheres experience summer and winter. Precession changes on an approximately 26, 000-year cycle. Animation by NASA/JPL-Caltech (public domain).

Detailed explanation-4: -The surface of the earth changes. Some changes are due to slow processes, such as erosion and weathering, and some changes are due to rapid processes, such as landslides, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes.