EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -The permanently dark aphotic zone includes the deepest parts of the ocean. Food webs in the aphotic zone are based either on organisms that fall from the photic zone above, or on chemosynthetic organisms. Deep ocean organisms, like hatchet fish, are exposed to high pressure, frigid temperatures, and total darkness.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Abyssopelagic Zone (or abyssal zone) extends from 4, 000 meters (13, 100 feet) to 6, 000 meters (19, 700 feet). It is the pitch-black bottom layer of the ocean.

Detailed explanation-3: -The aphotic zone exists in depths below 1, 000 meters. Sunlight does not penetrate to these depths and the zone is bathed in darkness.

Detailed explanation-4: -The depths from 1, 000-4, 000 meters (3, 300-13, 100 feet) comprise the bathypelagic zone. Due to its constant darkness, this zone is also called the midnight zone.

Detailed explanation-5: -It is formally defined as the depths beyond which less than 1 percent of sunlight penetrates. Above the aphotic zone is the photic zone, which consists of the euphotic zone and the disphotic zone. The euphotic zone is the layer of water in which there is enough light for net photosynthesis to occur.