EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Soil is made up of different horizontal layers which are called as horizons. O Horizon, A Horizon, B Horizon, C Horizon and R Horizon are the different layers of soil which has their own characteristics. These sequence of layers is called as soil horizon.

Detailed explanation-2: -Simply put, a soil horizon is a distinct layer in the ground. These six layers are made up of different substances that either look different, have different chemical makeups, or are physically different from the other layers. Soil horizons act as the history of the soil in a particular area.

Detailed explanation-3: -A soil horizon is a layer parallel to the soil surface whose physical, chemical and biological characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath.

Detailed explanation-4: -A horizon is defined in Soil Taxonomy as “a layer, approximately parallel to the surface of the soil that is distinguishable from adjacent layers by a distinctive set of properties produced by the soil-forming processes” (Soil Science Division Staff, 2017). From: Advances in Agronomy, 2020.

Detailed explanation-5: -The soil profile has four distinct layers: 1) O horizon; 2) A horizon; 3) B horizon, or subsoil; and 4) C horizon, or soil base (Figure 31.2. 2). The O horizon has freshly decomposing organic matter-humus-at its surface, with decomposed vegetation at its base.