EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Primary succession starts with bare rock, with lichens and moss. Fire is an example of primary succession.

Detailed explanation-2: -This process is called primary succession. It begins with organisms such as lichens that can live and grow very slowly on bare rock. Lichens (see the Fungi station) break down rock by secreting acids.

Detailed explanation-3: -Lava from a volcanic eruption hardens into bare rock. Primary succession begins with soil formation. The first stage of succession involves pioneer species. In primary succession, pioneer plants are those that can grow without soil, such as lichens.

Detailed explanation-4: -Primary succession begins with the appearance of pioneer species – lichen, mosses, and fungi – all organisms that can grow on rocks and exposed land. These are small, simple organisms that can survive harsh conditions, fix inorganic carbon and nitrogen into usable nutrients and accelerate the process of weathering.

Detailed explanation-5: -The first species to colonize bare rock are usually lichens. In primary succession, they are thus the pioneer organisms. Before they can colonize an environment, many organisms need soil. Acids that break down the rock and start the process of soil formation are secreted by lichens that colonize bare rock.