EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -The first organisms appearing in the regions of primary succession are pioneer species (usually lichens or mosses). They are the first species present.

Detailed explanation-2: -Species that arrive first in the newly created environment are called pioneer species, and through their interactions they build a simple initial biological community.

Detailed explanation-3: -Fungi and lichen are the most common pioneer species in primary succession because they have the ability to break down minerals to form soil and subsequently develop organic matter. Once pioneer species colonize the area and start to build soil, other species like grasses begin to move in.

Detailed explanation-4: -Often these first colonizing plants are weedy species, such as fast-growing grasses and lichens, that do not grow tall but do reproduce quickly. After these plants germinate and grow, they die and decompose, and their remains create pockets of soil in which other plants, as well as fungi, can become established.

Detailed explanation-5: -Usually, Lichen is the pioneer species on a bare rock. It carries out the primary succession. Lichens secrete acids over the rock that has the ability to dissolve it gradually, aiding in weathering and soil formation.