EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Fungi are considered natural decomposers, and consequently, they are allowed to produce a great number of extracellular enzymes needed for bioconversion of a wide range of substrates and complexes [50].

Detailed explanation-2: -Fungi in Soils Due to their ability to produce a wide variety of extracellular enzymes, they are able to break down all kinds of organic matter, decomposing soil components and thereby regulating the balance of carbon and nutrients (Žifčáková et al., 2016).

Detailed explanation-3: -However, micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes–even though they go unnoticed in your compost pile–are responsible for most of the organic material breakdown. They are chemical decomposers because they use chemicals in their bodies to break down organic matter.

Detailed explanation-4: -Organic matter is broken down into carbon dioxide and the mineral forms of nutrients like nitrogen. It is also converted into fungi and bacteria through these organisms feeding on the organic material and reproducing. Scientists call the organisms that decompose organic matter decomposers, saprobes or saprotrophs.

Detailed explanation-5: -Decomposers (fungi, bacteria, invertebrates such as worms and insects) have the ability to break down dead organisms into smaller particles and create new compounds. We use decomposers to restore the natural nutrient cycle through controlled composting.