SCIENCE
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
|
Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
|
|
|
green tax
|
|
|
command-and-control
|
|
|
cap-and-trade
|
|
|
subsidy
|
Detailed explanation-1: -The Environmental Protection Act 1986 (EP Act), the umbrella Act for numerous rules adopted under it such as the waste rules, provides for only one type of punishment. Any breach of these rules is punishable with imprisonment for a term up to five years, or a fine up to INR100, 000, or both (see Question 6).
Detailed explanation-2: -Cost-benefit analysis – a method in which decision-makers compare what will be sacrificed and gained by taking a specific action.
Detailed explanation-3: -Although such regulations have helped to protect the environment, they have three shortcomings: they provide no incentive for going beyond the limits they set; they offer limited flexibility on where and how to reduce pollution; and they often have politically-motivated loopholes.
Detailed explanation-4: -Section 2(a) of the Environment Protection Act, 1986 defines the term ‘environment’ as follows: “Environment” includes water, air and land and the relationship which exists amongst and between water, air and land, and human beings, other living creatures, plants, micro-organism and property.