EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -The size of the gray wolf (the largest species of wolf) is about 105 to 160 cm. When compared to the size of an average human, which is between 170–182 cm, humans are bigger than wolves. Wolves and humans have similarities in size; even though wolves may appear bigger, humans are bigger.

Detailed explanation-2: -Adult wolves measure 105–160 cm (41–63 in) in length and 80–85 cm (31–33 in) at shoulder height. The tail measures 29–50 cm (11–20 in) in length, the ears 90–110 mm (3+1⁄2–4+3⁄8 in) in height, and the hind feet are 220–250 mm (8+5⁄8–9+7⁄8 in).

Detailed explanation-3: -Within a pack, there are alpha wolves (one male, one female), who are the leaders. Next are beta wolves, who are essentially second in command and who serve as leaders when the alphas are not present. Typically, there is at least one enforcer, who is responsible for enforcing pack rules and managing pack protection.

Detailed explanation-4: -1987, 1997; Fuller 1990; Mech et al. 1998). In 1983, Keith suggested that four factors dominate wolf population dynamics: wolf density, ungulate den-sity, human exploitation, and ungulate vulnerability.