EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -The CWA flatly prohibits any discharge of a pollutant from a point source to surface waters unless it is done in conformance with the requirements of the act, and the statute has since 1972 retained as an explicit “national goal” the elimination of all point-source discharges to surface waters by 1985.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was enacted in 1974 to provide for the prevention and control of water pollution, and for the maintaining or restoring of wholesomeness of water in the country.

Detailed explanation-3: -The CWA made it unlawful to discharge any pollutant from a point source into navigable waters, unless a permit was obtained: EPA’s National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program controls discharges.

Detailed explanation-4: -Aside from the Water Act, there are also other laws which can be used to remediate water pollution. These include, environmental clearance conditions under the Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006, public nuisance in the Indian Penal Code, 1860 and the licensing process under the Factories Act, 1948.