EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Secondary succession. Secondary succession occurs when the starting point is bare soil that already exists. It is similar to primary succession, however, the pioneer species are often fast-growing plants and often come from pre-existing groups of organisms in the area.

Detailed explanation-2: -Primary succession occurs when new land is formed or bare rock is exposed, providing a habitat that can be colonized for the first time. For example, primary succession may take place following the eruption of volcanoes, such as those on the Big Island of Hawaii.

Detailed explanation-3: -It begins in areas where natural biotic communities have been destroyed such as in abandoned farm lands, deforested lands, lands that have been flooded, etc. Hence option a is correct.

Detailed explanation-4: -Secondary succession begins after a disturbance, like a fire. Crucially, some soil and nutrients remain present-fire, in fact, may help recycle those nutrients.