EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -D. tall, mature oak trees. A vegetation of tall, matured oak trees would be found on an abandoned farm that has remained undisturbed for 150 years.

Detailed explanation-2: -A common example of secondary succession is an abandoned farm field. After the farmer stops using the land to grow crops, it will eventually revert to its previous natural state.

Detailed explanation-3: -On newly created volcanic islands, for example, after the rock cools, seeds blown by the wind may lodge in crevices, germinate, and take root. Often these first colonizing plants are weedy species, such as fast-growing grasses and lichens, that do not grow tall but do reproduce quickly.

Detailed explanation-4: -In secondary succession, a previously occupied area is re-colonized following a disturbance that kills much or all of its community. A classic example of secondary succession occurs in oak and hickory forests cleared by wildfire. Wildfires will burn most vegetation and kill animals unable to flee the area.