EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -A Disturbance by Surface Mining. Surface mining refers to techniques used to remove unconsolidated, consolidated, and weathered geologic materials at the land surface in order to expose and extract mineral resources. Surface mining is perhaps the most dramatic direct human disturbance at the landscape scale(Figs.

Detailed explanation-2: -Surface Mining The largest mines are usually surface mines. Heavy machinery and blasting procedures are used to remove large amounts of surface rock, which significantly disturbs the land.

Detailed explanation-3: -Underground Mining Some mineral deposits exist deep underground, facilitating the use of underground mines to recover them. Underground mining is inherently more dangerous than surface mining due to the deep location of mines.

Detailed explanation-4: -Hardrock mining releases more toxic substances-such as mercury, arsenic, lead and cyanide-than any other industry in the United States.

Detailed explanation-5: -Surface mining is a form of mining in which the soil and the rock covering the mineral deposits are removed. It is the other way of underground mining, in which the overlying rock is left behind, and the required mineral deposits are removed through shafts or tunnels.