EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Graded potentials are small changes in membrane potential that are either excitatory (depolarize the membrane) or inhibitory (hyperpolarize the membrane). Many excitatory graded potentials have to happen at once to depolarize the cell body enough to trigger the action potential.

Detailed explanation-2: -Small changes in the membrane potential that arise due to signaling from a presynaptic input are called graded potentials or postsynaptic potentials.

Detailed explanation-3: -A graded potential is produced when a ligand opens a ligand-gated channel in the dendrites, allowing ions to enter (or exit) the cell. For example, Na+ will enter the cell and K+ will exit, until they both reach equilibrium.

Detailed explanation-4: -The negative pole of the battery makes the inside of the cell more negative than it was before. A change in potential that increases the polarized state of a membrane is called a hyperpolarization.

Detailed explanation-5: -graded potential any change in electric potential of a neuron that is not propagated along the cell (as is an action potential) but declines with distance from the source. Kinds of graded potential include receptor potentials, postsynaptic potentials, and subthreshold potentials.