EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -There are three types of glial cells in the mature central nervous system: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglial cells (Figure 1.4A-C). Astrocytes, which are restricted to the brain and spinal cord, have elaborate local processes that give these cells a starlike appearance (hence the prefix “astro”).

Detailed explanation-2: -Glial cells are the “glue” of the nervous system, engaging in many activities to support typical brain function. They do this by facilitating communication between neurons, regulating inflammation and forming the blood-brain barrier.

Detailed explanation-3: -Functions. Some glial cells function primarily as the physical support for neurons. Others provide nutrients to neurons and regulate the extracellular fluid of the brain, especially surrounding neurons and their synapses.

Detailed explanation-4: -The four main functions of glial cells are: to surround neurons and hold them in place, to supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons, to insulate one neuron from another, and to destroy and remove the carcasses of dead neurons (clean up).

Detailed explanation-5: -Glial cells are found in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The important CNS glial cells are astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, radial glial cells, and ependymal cells.