EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Microglia, the innate immune cells in the CNS, have two primary roles in the brain that are common to myelomonocytic innate immune cells in all mammalian organs: they fight off and phagocytize viruses, bacteria, and other foreign invaders, and they remove cellular debris to facilitate wound repair.

Detailed explanation-2: -Microglia are brain professional phagocytes mainly finalized to clearance of apoptotic or necrotic cells (Green et al., 2016) and removal of unfolded proteins such as amyloid beta (A) or neuromelanin.

Detailed explanation-3: -One of the main ways that microglia combat bacterial infection is by phagocytosing the bacteria (4). Phagocytosis is the cellular engulfment and digestion by cells of large extracellular particles, including bacteria.

Detailed explanation-4: -Macrophages are effector cells of the innate immune system that phagocytose bacteria and secrete both pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial mediators. In addition, macrophages play an important role in eliminating diseased and damaged cells through their programmed cell death.

Detailed explanation-5: -Microglia are resident macrophages of the central nervous system and significantly contribute to overall brain function by participating in phagocytosis during development, homeostasis, and diseased states.