EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Ligand-gated ion channels bind neurotransmitters and open in response to ligand binding. These channels control synaptic transmission between two neurons or between a neuron and a muscle.

Detailed explanation-2: -ligand-gated channel: A group of transmembrane ion channels that open or close in response to the binding of a chemical messenger (ligand) such as a neurotransmitter.

Detailed explanation-3: -Voltage gated channels-open and close in response to changes in the voltage or membrane potential; involved in generating action potentials. 1.

Detailed explanation-4: -Chemically-gated channels open or close in response to binding specific molecules. Chemically-gated channels in neurons open or close in response to binding neurotransmitters, hormones, or inorganic ions. Leak channels simply allow ions to pass through, with a more or less constant permeability.

Detailed explanation-5: -Voltage-gated ion channels regulate the relative concentrations of different ions inside and outside the cell. The difference in total charge between the inside and outside of the cell is called the membrane potential. Figure 16.9. Voltage-gated ion channels open in response to changes in membrane voltage.