EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -An atom changes from a ground state to an excited state by taking on energy from its surroundings in a process called absorption. The electron absorbs the energy and jumps to a higher energy level. In the reverse process, emission, the electron returns to the ground state by releasing the extra energy it absorbed.

Detailed explanation-2: -Energy levels (also called electron shells) are fixed distances from the nucleus of an atom where electrons may be found. As you go farther from the nucleus, electrons at higher energy levels have more energy.

Detailed explanation-3: -If an atom or molecule gains an electron, it becomes negatively charged (an anion), and if it loses an electron, it becomes positively charged (a cation). Energy may be lost or gained in the formation of an ion.

Detailed explanation-4: -An electron will jump to a higher energy level when excited by an external energy gain such as a large heat increase or the presence of an electrical field, or collision with another electron.