EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -When these atoms gain electrons, they acquire a negative charge because they now possess more electrons than protons. Negatively charged ions are called anions.

Detailed explanation-2: -If an atom or molecule gains an electron, it becomes negatively charged (an anion), and if it loses an electron, it becomes positively charged (a cation).

Detailed explanation-3: -An atom gets positive charge by losing the negatively charged electrons and is called as cation. Similarly an atom gets negative charge by gaining the electrons.

Detailed explanation-4: -An atom changes from a ground state to an excited state by taking on energy from its surroundings in a process called absorption. The electron absorbs the energy and jumps to a higher energy level. In the reverse process, emission, the electron returns to the ground state by releasing the extra energy it absorbed.

Detailed explanation-5: -Atoms have equal numbers of positive protons and negative electrons, so they are neutral in electric charge. Atoms can gain or lose electrons and become ions, which are atoms that have a positive or negative charge because they have unequal numbers of protons and electrons.