EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -The surface tension of a liquid results from an imbalance of intermolecular attractive forces, the cohesive forces between molecules: A molecule in the bulk liquid experiences cohesive forces with other molecules in all directions. A molecule at the surface of a liquid experiences only net inward cohesive forces.

Detailed explanation-2: -Note the correlation between the surface tension of a liquid and the strength of the intermolecular forces: the stronger the intermolecular forces, the higher the surface tension.

Detailed explanation-3: -Intermolecular forces are electrostatic in nature and include van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds. Molecules in liquids are held to other molecules by intermolecular interactions, which are weaker than the intramolecular interactions that hold the atoms together within molecules and polyatomic ions.

Detailed explanation-4: -As the intermolecular forces increase, the area of space becomes less, and the surface tension increases. So, as the intermolecular forces increase both the viscosity and surface tension also increases.

Detailed explanation-5: -The meniscus (plural: menisci, from the Greek for “crescent") is the curve in the upper surface of a liquid close to the surface of the container or another object, produced by surface tension.