..... is mainly due to salts of calcium particularly the soluble bicarbonates fromed by the action of rain water and carbon dioxide from air on limestone.

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Question [CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]

____ is mainly due to salts of calcium particularly the soluble bicarbonates fromed by the action of rain water and carbon dioxide from air on limestone.

A	Freshness of air
B	Hardness of air
C	Freshness of water
D	Hardness of water

Explanation:

Detailed explanation-1: -Precipitated calcium carbonate (CAS: 471-34-1) is produced industrially by the decomposition of limestone to calcium oxide followed by subsequent recarbonization or as a by-product of the Solvay process (which is used to make sodium carbonate).

Detailed explanation-2: -Carbonate hardness, caused primarily by calcium bicarbonate; 2. Noncarbonated hardness, caused primarily by calcium chloride [CaCl2], magnesium chloride [MgCl2], and magnesium sulfate [MgSO4].

Detailed explanation-3: -Since the attraction force between in Ca and CO3 ions are much larger than Ca and HCO3 ions, water cannot pull calcium and carbonate ions out of the calcium carbonate crystal to hydrate them into solution as easily as calcium bicarbonate.

Detailed explanation-4: -The normal concentration of calcium in groundwater ranges from 10 to 100 mg/L (Nag 2009). The basic sources of calcium are carbonate rocks, i.e., limestones and dolomites, which are dissolved by carbonic acid in groundwater.

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