EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -A haploid gametophyte phase follows a diploid sporophyte phase in the life cycle of seedless vascular plants. Vascular plants without seeds reproduce by the use of unicellular, haploid spores, which are light enough to be easily dispersed by the wind. Plants without seeds have the second generation in their life cycle.

Detailed explanation-2: -In seedless vascular plants, such as ferns and horsetails, the plants reproduce using haploid, unicellular spores instead of seeds. The spores are very lightweight (unlike many seeds), which allows for their easy dispersion in the wind and for the plants to spread to new habitats.

Detailed explanation-3: -Lycophytes and pterophytes are referred to as seedless vascular plants, because they do not produce seeds. The seed plants, or spermatophytes, form the largest group of all existing plants, and hence dominate the landscape.

Detailed explanation-4: -Sporangia in Seedless Plants The sporophyte bears the sporangia (singular, sporangium): organs that first appeared in the land plants. The term “sporangia” literally means “spore in a vessel”: it is a reproductive sac that contains spores.

Detailed explanation-5: -The major difference between the life cycles of seedless and seed plants is that the seedless plants produce spores, and the seed plants produce seeds for propagation. The life cycle of a seedless plant starts with the mature fern frond, which has groups of sporangia on its underside called sori.