EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Non-flowering plants include mosses, liverworts, hornworts, lycophytes and ferns and reproduce by spores.

Detailed explanation-2: -Nonflowering plants like ferns reproduce by “seed-like” structures called spores. Spores are usually found on the undersides of leaves and look like tiny tufts of velvet. Spores are ripe when they easily fall off the leaf.

Detailed explanation-3: -Plants that do not produce flowers or seeds usually reproduce using spores. A spore is usually a one-celled package that is capable of giving rise to a new individual plant. In addition to ferns, lichens and mosses, fungi reproduce this way.

Detailed explanation-4: -All these flowerless plants produce spores that germinate in the presence of sufficient moisture. Hyphae, which are threadlike strands that develop from germinated spores, may grow for several years before producing fruiting bodies. Because fungi lack chlorophyll, they are unable to manufacture their own food.