EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -They contain the developing embryo and the nutritive tissue for the seedling. Seeds are surrounded by one or two integuments, which develop into a seed coat that is usually hard. They are enclosed in the ovary of a carpel and thus are protected from the elements and predators.

Detailed explanation-2: -In gymnosperms such as cycads and Ginkgo, the seed coat is known as the sarcotesta and consists of two layers. The sarcotesta is often brightly coloured in cycads, and the sarcotesta of Ginkgo seeds is foul-smelling when ripe.

Detailed explanation-3: -The seed coat is a maternal sporophytic tissue that originates from the ovule integument(s).

Detailed explanation-4: -The gymnosperms have their ovules freely exposed before and after fertilization. They are not enclosed by any ovary wall. The seeds formed by them lack the seed coat. Hence, due to the absence of ovary wall and seed coat, their seeds are naked.

Detailed explanation-5: -Angiosperms, are also known as flowering plants and having seeds enclosed within their fruit. Whereas gymnosperms have no flowers or fruits and have naked seeds on the surface of their leaves. Gymnosperm seeds are configured as the cones.