EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -In seedless vascular plants, such as ferns and horsetails, the plants reproduce using haploid, unicellular spores instead of seeds.

Detailed explanation-2: -Vascular plants without seeds reproduce by the use of unicellular, haploid spores. Gametophytes are the development of plants that produce gametes. Sporophytes are the plant generation that produces spores. A haploid gametophyte phase follows a diploid sporophyte phase in the life cycle of seedless vascular plants.

Detailed explanation-3: -Reproduction by Spores Plants we see as ferns or horsetails are the sporophyte generation. The sporophyte generally releases spores in the summer. Spores must land on a suitable surface, such as a moist protected area to germinate and grow into gametophytes.

Detailed explanation-4: -Unlike some other non-flowering vascular plants, ferns produce one type of spore (homosporous) via meiosis in the sac-like sporangia.

Detailed explanation-5: -Ferns, club mosses, horsetails, and whisk ferns are seedless vascular plants that reproduce with spores and are found in moist environments.