EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Ferns, club mosses, horsetails, and whisk ferns are seedless vascular plants that reproduce with spores and are found in moist environments.

Detailed explanation-2: -Ferns are considered the most advanced seedless vascular plants and display characteristics commonly observed in seed plants. Ferns form large leaves and branching roots. In contrast, whisk ferns, the psilophytes, lack both roots and leaves, which were probably lost by evolutionary reduction.

Detailed explanation-3: -Seedless vascular plants are a part of the tracheophytes. They possess vascular tissues such as xylem and phloem, but do not produce seeds or flowers for propagation. Examples of seedless vascular plants include ferns, clubmosses, whisk ferns, and horsetails.

Detailed explanation-4: -Ferns are seedless, vascular plants. They contain two types of vascular tissue that are needed to move substances throughout the plant. Evolutionarily, this addition of vascular tissue to plants is what allowed ferns to grow up and out rather than just spreading along the ground.

Detailed explanation-5: -Vascular plants include the clubmosses, horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms (including conifers), and angiosperms (flowering plants). Scientific names for the group include Tracheophyta, Tracheobionta and Equisetopsida sensu lato.