EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane bound structure, down their electrochemical gradient. An important example is the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the movement of hydrogen ions (H+) across a membrane during cellular respiration or photosynthesis.

Detailed explanation-2: -Chemiosmosis in prokaryotic cells The hydrogen ions (protons) move across the biological membrane via the ATP synthase (a transport protein) when a proton gradient forms on the other side of the membrane.

Detailed explanation-3: -Chemiosmosis is the process of diffusion of ions (usually H+ ions, also known as protons) across a selectively permeable membrane. As in osmosis, chemiosmosis leads to a concentration gradient of the diffusing ion across the membrane. A concentration gradient is a form of potential energy that can do work.

Detailed explanation-4: -Hydrogen ions from NADH + H+ (at complex I) or from FADH2 (at complex II) move into the intermembrane space along the outside of the inner membrane and are imported through a proton channel that is part of ATP synthase.

Detailed explanation-5: -In cellular respiration, hydrogen ions (protons) move down their concentration gradient through a membrane protein to produce ATP. The gradient of protons is established by the electron transport portion of oxidative phosphorylation, which is used to transfer protons into the intermembrane space.