EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Glucose cannot cross cell membranes without using transport proteins and insulin is required to facilitate the removal of glucose from the blood stream so that it enters cells. When glucose is in excess, the body stores it away in the form of glycogen in a process stimulated by insulin.

Detailed explanation-2: -During glycolysis, a glucose molecule with six carbon atoms is converted into two molecules of pyruvate, each of which contains three carbon atoms. For each molecule of glucose, two molecules of ATP are hydrolyzed to provide energy to drive the early steps, but four molecules of ATP are produced in the later steps.

Detailed explanation-3: -Plants form glucose by photosynthesis and animals get glucose by breaking down the food they eat. During cellular respiration, glucose combines with oxygen to release energy and to form carbon dioxide and water. Most of the carbon dioxide in animals is released into the air when the animal breathes.

Detailed explanation-4: -The primary source of energy for animals is carbohydrates, primarily glucose: the body’s fuel. The digestible carbohydrates in an animal’s diet are converted to glucose molecules and into energy through a series of catabolic chemical reactions. Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is the primary energy currency in cells.