EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -The ETC is a collection of proteins bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane and organic molecules, which electrons pass through in a series of redox reactions, and release energy. The energy released forms a proton gradient, which is used in chemiosmosis to make a large amount of ATP by the protein ATP-synthase.

Detailed explanation-2: -NADH and FADH2 molecules formed during Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle carry their electrons to the electron transport chain.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Krebs cycle has two types of energy-carrying electron carriers: NAD+ and FAD. The transfer of electrons to FAD during the Kreb’s Cycle produces a molecule of FADH2. Carbon dioxide is also released as a waste product of these reactions.

Detailed explanation-4: -During electron transport, the participating protein complexes push protons from the matrix out to the intermembrane space. This creates a concentration gradient of protons that another protein complex, called ATP synthase, uses to power synthesis of the energy carrier molecule ATP (Figure 2).

Detailed explanation-5: -The Krebs Cycle, also called the citric acid cycle, is the second major step in oxidative phosphorylation. After glycolysis breaks glucose into smaller 3-carbon molecules, the Krebs cycle transfers the energy from these molecules to electron carriers, which will be used in the electron transport chain to produce ATP.