EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -During photosynthesis, leaves take in atmospheric CO2 and release O2 through stomata, microscopic pore structures in the leaf epidermis (singular = stoma). A pair of guard cells surrounds each stoma, and these cells control the opening and closing of the stomatal pore between them.

Detailed explanation-2: -Guard cells optimise leaf gas exchange in response to changing environmental conditions and their turgor is controlled by alterations in atmospheric CO2 concentration, light intensity, humidity and the drought hormone abscisic acid.

Detailed explanation-3: -The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the leaf (as well as the loss of water vapor in transpiration) occurs through pores called stomata (singular = stoma). Normally stomata open when the light strikes the leaf in the morning and close during the night.

Detailed explanation-4: -Guard cells use osmotic pressure to open and close stomata, allowing plants to regulate the amount of water and solutes within them. In order for plants to produce energy and maintain cellular function, their cells undergo the highly intricate process of photosynthesis . Critical in this process is the stoma.

Detailed explanation-5: -Stomata, as mentioned above, are the structures through which gas exchange occurs in leaves. Each stoma is surrounded by two guard cells, which can open and close depending on environmental conditions.