EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Endospores are resistant to the chemical agents, e.g., triphenylmethane dyes, and can even protect the bacterial cells against ultraviolet radiation, extreme pH gradients, drought, and nutrition depletion.

Detailed explanation-2: -The resilience of an endospore can be explained in part by its unique cellular structure. The outer proteinaceous coat surrounding the spore provides much of the chemical and enzymatic resistance. Beneath the coat resides a very thick layer of specialized peptidoglycan called the cortex.

Detailed explanation-3: -Examples of bacteria that can form endospores include Bacillus and Clostridium. Endospores can survive without nutrients. They are resistant to ultraviolet radiation, desiccation, high temperature, extreme freezing and chemical disinfectants.

Detailed explanation-4: -These endospore characteristics are consistent within the spore-forming species and can be used to identify the organism. Because of their tough protein coats made of keratin, spores are highly resistant to normal staining procedures.