EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -The antibiotic penicillin works by keeping a bacterium from building a cell wall. Bacteria and human cells also differ in the structure of their cell membranes and the machinery they use to build proteins or copy DNA. Some antibiotics dissolve the membrane of just bacterial cells.

Detailed explanation-2: -Penicillins have been shown to inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, and interact with penicillin binding proteins, leading to bacterial lysis.

Detailed explanation-3: -Some, such as penicillin, kill bacteria by destroying the bacterial cell wall. Others, such as tetracycline, interfere with the ability of bacteria cells to reproduce or make proteins or nutrients they need to survive.

Detailed explanation-4: -These antibiotics bind to the C-terminal d-Ala–d-Ala of the murein precursor, lipid II and immature peptidoglycan, through five H-bonds and thereby inhibit transglycosylation and/or transpeptidation during cell wall biosynthesis.

Detailed explanation-5: -Antibiotics such as beta-lactams-penicillin, methicillin, cephalosporin-and non-beta-lactams such as vancomycin, attack the peptidoglycan cell wall to quell bacterial infections.