EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -After vaccination, nearby cells pick up these proteins. Next, our immune system recognizes that these proteins do not belong there. Another ingredient in the vaccine, the adjuvant, helps our immune system to produce antibodies and activate other immune cells to fight off what it thinks is an infection.

Detailed explanation-2: -An antigen specifically induces the production of antibodies which can bind to it and neutralise it. While most vaccines work by inducing B lymphocytes to produce antibodies (see below), activation of T-cells-another type of immune system cell that helps protect against disease-is also important for some vaccines.

Detailed explanation-3: -How vaccines work with the immune system. Vaccines provide active immunity to disease. Vaccines do not make you sick, but they can trick your body into believing it has a disease, so it can fight the disease.

Detailed explanation-4: -The antibody attaches itself to the spikes on the virus in order to prevent the virus from attaching to your body’s healthy cells and causing infection. These are the types of antibodies that COVID-19 vaccines aim to teach your body to make in order to protect against infection.