EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Capsule or slime layer is used to describe glycocalyx which is a thin, high molecular weight secretory substance present in many bacteria external to cell wall (Fig. 7.6).

Detailed explanation-2: -Bacterial cell contains two outer layers: cell wall and cell membrane. The outer layer of the bacterial cell is called cell wall, which is composed of a polymer matrix named peptidoglycan.

Detailed explanation-3: -The bacterial capsule or alginate layer will also evade bacterial cells from host killing mediated by antibodies, complement and phagocytosis [152].

Detailed explanation-4: -Some bacteria form capsules, which constitute the outermost layer of the bacterial cell and surround it with a relatively thick layer of viscous gel.

Detailed explanation-5: -Bacterial cells are covered by an outermost layer of capsule. The capsule mainly functions as a protective layer and provides protection to the bacteria against the external environment. It also adhesive properties and helps the bacterial cells to stay attached to each other.