EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Misuse and overuse of antimicrobials are the main drivers in the development of drug-resistant pathogens. Lack of clean water and sanitation and inadequate infection prevention and control promotes the spread of microbes, some of which can be resistant to antimicrobial treatment.

Detailed explanation-2: -The spread of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is a simple and elegant example of evolutionary adaptation by natural selection. Bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics through mutations that alter the cellular targets of antibiotics or by acquiring dedicated resistance genes from other bacteria.

Detailed explanation-3: -Antimicrobial resistance occurs when, over time, bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites adapt and become resistant to the drugs that are used to combat them. As a result, antibiotics and other antimicrobial medicines become ineffective, and infections become increasingly difficult-if not impossible to treat.

Detailed explanation-4: -Over-prescription of antibiotics. Patients not finishing the entire antibiotic course. Overuse of antibiotics in livestock and fish farming. Poor infection control in health care settings. Poor hygiene and sanitation. More items •18-Nov-2015