EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Most viral infections eventually result in the death of the host cell. The causes of death include cell lysis, alterations to the cell’s surface membrane and various modes of programmed cell death. Some viruses cause no apparent changes to the infected cell.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cell damage may occur through the integration of the virus into the genome if functional genes are interrupted (integration mutagenesis). However, the consequences of infection appear predominantly only after activation of the integrated viral genome, and are then caused by the newly synthesized proteins of the virus.

Detailed explanation-3: -Then the viral genome hijacks the host cell’s machinery, forcing it to replicate the viral genome and produce viral proteins to make new capsids. Next, the viral particles are assembled into new viruses. The new viruses burst out of the host cell during a process called lysis, which kills the host cell.

Detailed explanation-4: -Toxic damage to cells can cause individual cell death and if sufficient cells are lost, the result can be tissue or organ failure, ultimately leading to death of the organism. It is nearly impossible to separate a discussion of cellular toxicity and biochemical toxicity.