EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Many animal viruses, such as HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), leave the infected cells of the immune system by a process known as budding, where virions leave the cell individually. During the budding process, the cell does not undergo lysis and is not immediately killed.

Detailed explanation-2: -Bacteriophages (phages for short) are viruses that infect bacteria. The life cycle of bacteriophages may be lytic, resulting in cell lysis and release of progeny or lysogenic, a stable latent state in which the viral genome is integrated into the bacterial genome.

Detailed explanation-3: -In lysogeny, a virus accesses a host cell but instead of immediately beginning the replication process leading to lysis, enters into a stable state of existence with the host. Phages capable of lysogeny are known as temperate phage or prophage.

Detailed explanation-4: -No, the host cell need not be destroyed during the lysogenic cycle. The lysogenic cycle occurs when the virus introduces its genetic material into the host cell and the host cell replicates the DNA without it being placed in their protein cases. This is best seen in a bacteriophage or bacteria virus.

Detailed explanation-5: -The lytic cycle involves the reproduction of viruses using a host cell to manufacture more viruses; the viruses then burst out of the cell. The lysogenic cycle involves the incorporation of the viral genome into the host cell genome, infecting it from within.