EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Sponges are filter feeders. They pump water into their body through their pores. The water flows through a large central cav ity called the spongocoel (see Figure above). As the water flows by, specialized collar cells (which are also known as choanocytes) filter out food particles such as bacteria.

Detailed explanation-2: -First, they beat their flagella back and forth to force water through the sponge. The water brings in nutrients and oxygen, while it carries out waste and carbon dioxide. Second, the sticky collars of the collar cells pick up tiny bits of food brought in with the water.

Detailed explanation-3: -Sponges feed by straining food particles from water. As water enters a sponge, Page 2 it carries tiny organisms such as bacteria and protists. Collar cells on the inside of the central cavity trap these food particles and digest them.

Detailed explanation-4: -Choanocytes are versatile cells. Their flagella beat to create the active pumping of water through the sponge, while the collars of the choanocytes are the primary areas that nutrients are absorbed into the sponge.

Detailed explanation-5: -The collar cells line the channels and chambers found inside the sponge and by waving their flagella back and forth in unison, they create a current that draws the water into the sponge. The collar cells are specialized for carrying out this function of creating a current.