EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -The 5 groups of vertebrates (animals that have a backbone) are fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Invertebrates are animals that do not have a backbone. A spider is an invertebrate because it is an animal without a backbone.

Detailed explanation-2: -Vertebrates are animals that have backbones and an endoskeleton (skeleton inside their bodies). In contrast, invertebrates are animals that do not have backbones.

Detailed explanation-3: -Vertebrates do not have exoskeletons that protect and support their bodies, with the exception of the tortoise. However, they have endoskeletons in the form of bones and cartilages.

Detailed explanation-4: -The vertebrate endoskeleton includes the axial (i.e., vertebral and rib) and appendicular (i.e., limb) skeletons, as well as some elements within the head (e.g., the braincase and ear ossicles).

Detailed explanation-5: -Organisms like tortoise and crocodile posses both exoskeleton and endoskeleton. Tortoise has an outer hard shell and a skeleton inside the body. The crocodile has a tough leathery skin/hide on the outside and then a skeleton inside the body.