EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -By depicting these relationships, cladograms reconstruct the evolutionary history (phylogeny) of the taxa. Cladograms can also be called “phylogenies” or “trees”. Cladograms are constructed by grouping organisms together based on their shared derived characteristics.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cladograms reconstruct evolutionary history by grouping organisms based on shared, morphological characteristics. Organisms are arranged in such a way that each clade shares common traits or characteristics not shared with other clades that are monophyletic because they are only composed of a specific type of organism.

Detailed explanation-3: -A cladogram is an evolutionary tree that diagrams the ancestral relationships among organisms. In the past, cladograms were drawn based on similarities in phenotypes or physical traits among organisms. Today, similarities in DNA sequences among organisms can also be used to draw cladograms.

Detailed explanation-4: -A cladogram is a diagram used to represent a hypothetical relationship between groups of animals, called a phylogeny. A cladogram is used by a scientist studying phylogenetic systematics to visualize the groups of organisms being compared, how they are related, and their most common ancestors.

Detailed explanation-5: -Root – The initial ancestor common to all organisms within the cladogram (incoming line shows it originates from a larger clade) Nodes – Each node corresponds to a hypothetical common ancestor that speciated to give rise to two (or more) daughter taxa. More items