EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -A derived character is a trait that arose in the most recent common ancestor of a particular lineage and was passed along to its descendants.

Detailed explanation-2: -Symplesiomorphy – A characteristic that all organisms on a cladogram possess. Synapomorphy – A characteristic that only a specific group, descended from a common ancestor, possess.

Detailed explanation-3: -Within a cladogram, a branch that includes a single common ancestor and all of its descendants is called a clade. A cladogram is an evolutionary tree that diagrams the ancestral relationships among organisms.

Detailed explanation-4: -A cladogram uses lines that branch off in different directions ending at a clade, a group of organisms with a last common ancestor.