EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -An asexually produced mass of cells, which are capable of developing into a new organism or into an adult freshwater sponge, is termed a Gemmule. They are small bud-like cells, which are formed by sponges to withstand unfavourable environmental conditions.

Detailed explanation-2: -Sponges can reproduce either asexually or sexually. Asexually reproduction (without eggs and sperm) often occurs by budding, similar to growing a new branch on a tree. Cells on the side or base of the parent begin to bulge out and form a new organism.

Detailed explanation-3: -A type of asexual reproduction found only in freshwater sponges occurs through the formation of gemmules, clusters of cells surrounded by a tough outer layer. Gemmules survive hostile environments and can attach to a substrate and grow into a new sponge.

Detailed explanation-4: -Sponges contain asexual reproductive cell groups called gemmules, which form when extreme cold, drought, or other conditions threaten a sponge’s life. Gemmules resist dry-ing, freezing, and oxygen depletion. Even if a sponge doesn’t survive, its gemmules do.